This technical paper explores the status and potential of carbon capture and storage (CCS), carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and their roles alongside renewables in the deep decarbonisation of energy systems. It complements and builds upon the broader discussions on the energy transition in other recent IRENA reports, including the World Energy Transitions Outlook (IRENA, 2021a) and Reaching Zero with Renewables (IRENA, 2020). The paper su
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